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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION A POLITICAL HISTORY GENERAL CONTENTS
VOL. I. THE REVOLUTION UNDER THE MONARCHY
CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER II.
The Middle Class and the People ("Bourgeoisie"
and Democracy)
Formation of the Democratic Party and Birth of
the Republican Party (1790, 1791)
The Flight to Varennes and the Republican Movement (June 21-July 17, 1791)
The Republicans and the Democrats after the Affair
of the Champ de Mars
From the Meeting of the Second Assembly to June
20, 1792
VOL. II. THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC 1792—1795
Chronological Summary
Biographical Note.
The Revolutionary Calendar
CHAPTER I.
Preparations for the Dethronement of Louis XVI.
I.
Measures taken by the Legislative Assembly against the royal power.
II.
Public opinion in France in July and August, 1792.
III.
The Federals.
IV.
The Parisian journals and Republicanism.
V.
Sectional agitation.
VI.
The attitude of the Legislative Assembly.
CHAPTER II.
The Throne Falls : Democracy Established
I.
Louis XVI is suspended.
II.
Organization of the Executive Power. The Revolutionary Commune.
III.
Universal Suffrage.
CHAPTER III.
The Evolution of Political Ideas from August 10th
to September 22nd
I.
Provincial France subscribes to the Revolution of August 10th.—
II.
The movement against Louis XVI and against royalty.
III.
The attitude of the Legislative Assembly.
IV.
The attitude of the people of Paris.
V.
Journals and pamphlets.
VI.
Elections to the Convention in Paris.
VII.
The Jacobin Club.
VIII.
The republican movement in the provinces.—
IX.
Elections of deputies to the Convention.
X.
The republican movement in these elections.
XI.
Proposals for taking another King.
XII.
Schemes for the organization of the Republic.
CHAPTER IV.
The Establishment of the Republic
I.
Abolition of Royalty (September 21, 1792).
II.
The establishment of the Republic (September 22, 1792).
III.
How the public welcomed the new Government.
CHAPTER V.
The Constitution of 1793
I.
Condorcet’s proposal.
II.
Public opinion.
III.
The debates in the Convention on the proposal of Condorcet.
IV.
The proposal of Herault de Sechelles.
V.
Discussion and adoption of de Sechelles’ proposal.
VI.
General character of the Constitution of 1793.
VII.
Adjournment of the Constitution.
CHAPTER VI.
The Revolutionary Government before the 9th of THERMIDOR
I.
Definition of the Revolutionary Government.—
II.
The provisional Executive Council and the Executive Commissions.
III.
The National Convention : its organization and method of operation.
IV.
The Committee of General Security. The Committee of General Defence. The
Committee of Public Safety.—
V.
The representatives "on mission"
VI.
The People's Clubs.
VII.
The decree of the 14th of Frumaire, year II.
VIII.
The Terror. The rule of the Press. The Revolutionary
Tribunal. Terrorist laws.
IX.
General character of the Revolutionary Government.
CHAPTER VII.
ROYALISM BEFORE THE QTH OF THERMIDOR
I.
Royalism in France at the outset of the Republic.
II.
Royalism in the insurgent districts : La Vendée,
Lyons, Toulon. Attitude of the Comte de Provence.
VOL. III. THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT 1793-1797
CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY .
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES
CHAPTER I.
PARTIES AND OPINIONS. GIRONDINS, MONTAGNARDS, DANTONISTS
(SEPTEMBER, 1792 JULY, 1793
I.
Organization of the Girondist party.
II.
Its political programme.
III.
Its leaders.
IV.
Organization and programme of the Montagnard party.
V.
Its leaders.
VI.
The conflict of the two parties.
VII.
The fall of Danton.
CHAPTER II.
OPINIONS AND PARTIES. THE MOUNTAIN VICTORIOUS.
ROBESPIERRE, HEBERT, DANTON (JULY, 1793, TO GERMINAL, YEAR II)
I.
Federalism.
II.
Montagnard France.
III.
Socialism.
IV.
Hebertists and Dantonists.
CHAPTER III.
THE RELIGIOUS POLICY BEFORE THERMIDOR 9TH
I.
Maintenance of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. Laws against refractory
priests.
II.
Dechristianisation. The cult of Reason.
III.
The religious policy of the Committee of Public Safety. The persistence of
Catholicism.
IV.
The cult of the Supreme Being and Robespierre.
CHAPTER IV.
THE REVOLUTION OF THE 9TH OF THERMIDOR
I.
Causes of Robespierre's fall. The days of the 8th and 9th of Thermidor of the
year II.
II.
Insurrection and defeat of the Commune and the Robespierrists.
CHAPTER V.
THE DECADENCE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
I.
The Thermidorian reaction.
II.
Maintenance of the Revolutionary Government.
III.
Reorganization of the central power. Administrative decentralization.
IV.
The Deputy-Commissioners. The People's Clubs. The Revolutionary
Committees.
V.
The Commune of Paris.
VI.
The National Guard.
VII.
The Revolutionary Tribunal. Revocation of various Terrorist laws.
VIII.
The rule of the Press.
IX.
General characteristics of the decadence of the Revolutionary Government.
CHAPTER VI.
OPINIONS, PARTIES. AND THE RELIGIOUS POLICY
I.
Thermidorians of the Left and the Right. Return of the Girondists.
II.
Changes in manners.
III.
Reaction against the Terror and the Terrorists.
IV.
The insurrection of Germinal and Prairial.
V.
The White Terror.
VI.
Royalism. The 13th of Vendemiaire.
VII.
The religious policy. Separation of Church and State.
CHAPTER VII.
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE YEAR III
I.
The trend of opinion and preliminary debates.
II.
Suppression of universal suffrage.
III.
Re-establishment of the property-owners’ suffrage.
IV.
Discussions relative to the property-owners’ suffrage.
V.
Organization of the legislative power.
VI.
Organization of the executive power.
VII.
Administration and municipal organization.
VIII.
Declaration of Rights.
IX.
General character of the Constitution.
X.
Principal organic electoral laws.
XI.
The plebiscite.
XII.
The Constitution put into force.
CHAPTER VIII.
THE APPLICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE YEAR
III
I.
General character of the period.
II.
The electoral system : election of deputies.
III.
The electoral system : election of functionaries.
IV.
The Legislature : the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Elders.
V.
The Executive Directory and the Ministers.
VI.
The Commissaries of the Directory. Administrative centralization.
VII.
The Clubs.
VIII.
The periodical Press.
VOL. IV. THE BOURGEOIS REPUBLIC AND THE
CONSULATE. 1797-1804
CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
CHAPTER I.
OPINIONS, PARTIES, AND RELIGIOUS POLICIES BEFORE
THE 18TH OF FRUCTIDOR
I.
The oaths and the parties.
II.
The Directorial or bourgeois Republicans.
III.
The Democrats. Babeuf and Babeuvism.
IV.
The Royalists.
V.
The religious policy : the national festivals; Theophilanthropy.
VI.
The religious policy : Catholicism.
VII.
The coup d’état of the 18th of Fructidor.
CHAPTER II.
THE RELIGIOUS POLICY, OPINIONS, AND PARTIES AFTER
THE 18TH OF FRUCTIDOR
I.
The religious policy : Catholicism.
II.
The religious policy : the Decadal cult : Theophilanthropy.
III.
Royalism.
IV.
Directorial Republicans and Democratic Republicans. The law of the 22nd of Floreal of
the year VI (May 11, 1798).
V.
Opposition to the Directory. The insurrection of the 3oth of Prairial of the year
VII (July 18, 1799).
VI.
Reappearance of the Terror.
VII.
Resurrection of the Jacobins.
CHAPTER III.
THE FALL OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORY
I.
General causes of the coup d’état of the 18th of Brumaire.
II.
Popularity of Napoleon Bonaparte. His return from Egypt. I
III.
Preparations for the coup d’état.
IV.
The "day" of the 18th of Brumaire.
V.
The 29th of Brumaire.
VI.
Suppression and replacement of the Directory.
CHAPTER IV.
THE PROVISIONAL CONSULATE AND THE CONSTITUTION
OF THE YEAR VIII
I.
The 18th of Brumaire and public opinion.
II.
The policy of the Provisional Consuls.
III.
The drafting of the Constitution of the year VIII.
IV.
Analysis of this Constitution.
V.
The acceptation by plebiscite.
CHAPTER V.
THE DECENNIAL CONSULATE
I.
Installation of the public powers.
II.
The conditions of the Press.
III.
Administrative organization.
IV.
New manners and customs.
V.
Effects of the victory of Marengo in the interior. Crime, proscriptions,
and the progress of despotism.
CHAPTER VI.
THE RELIGIOUS POLICY
I.
The system of Separation of Church and State under the Consulate.
II.
The two Catholic sects.
III.
General results of the system of Separation.
IV.
The causes of the destruction of this system.
V.
The Concordat.
VI.
Application of the Concordat.
VII.
New advantages accorded to the Roman Church.
CHAPTER VII.
THE LIFE-CONSULATE
I.
The plebiscite of the year X.
II.
The organic Senatus consultus of the 16th of Thermidor of the year X (August 4, 1802).
III.
Return to monarchical forms.
IV.
The Republican opposition. Military conspiracies. Bonapartism among the working-classes.
V.
Royalism.
VI.
Conspiracies, actual and pretended : Cadoudal, Pichegru, and Moreau. The Due d'Enghien.
VII.
The establishment of the Empire.
VIII.
The organic Senatus consultus of the 28th of Floreal of the year XII (May 18, 1804).
IX.
Disappearance of the Republic.
X.
General remarks on the French Revolution.
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